茉莉的花房

4天紧凑的北京奥运之旅，多少有点疲惫。到达烟台之后的第一件事，便是休息了。经济但精致的酒店给了我小小的惊喜。

一觉睡到自然醒，睁开眼睛已经是下午。

看到小猪发来的短信，说烟台大学那不错，校门口就是海。于是，出门，看海去。

花一块钱，坐上17路公交，一路沿着滨海大道行进，大片的海水就在我的左边蔓延，还有东炮台，海水浴场，黄海游乐园，沿路风光和景点尽收。半路看到一个小台子伸进海里，上面有一个月亮形的雕塑，美其名曰“月亮湾”，哈哈，旅游景点的开发还真是简单。很庆幸自己没有傻乎乎的去参加什么旅游团，这条公交线路，就是我最好的导游了。

在烟台大学附近下车，从烟台大学东门开始漫步。烟大的东门算不上宏伟，却也精致。最让我艳羡的，就在于他面朝大海，坐拥无敌海景了。

脱了鞋趟进海水，水凉凉的，海浪一波一波的打在我的腿上。因为是下午，人不多，只是三三两两的有人在水里嬉戏游泳。我就这样一手拎一只鞋，赤着脚，沿着细软的沙滩，一路漫步。

海边的沙滩上，不时可以看见相拥漫步的年轻情侣们，几乎每一对情侣的动作都是一样的，女的赤脚走在沙滩上，男的左手拎着女朋友的鞋子，右手揽着女朋友的腰，他们就这样缓慢而悠闲的走着，时不时地耳语一番。不经意间映衬着我的形单影只，如果此刻有人可以跟我相拥而行，也该是很浪漫的吧。不过正如Lonely Planet的作者所说，旅行的人都是孤独的。

天气阴阴的，好像要下雨的样子，海面上有点灰蒙蒙的。这样的光线，注定拍不出好照片，我也就心安理得的让相机在包里休息。这无敌海景，就只能由我的眼睛来欣赏和记录了。

不记得自己走了多久，走累了，就上岸，坐在海边吹吹凉风，晾干脚丫子，然后走到最近的一个公交站， 坐上17路，沿着海景返回。

终于拿到了我的护照和港澳通行证，哈哈。想着马上就可以出去了，心里那个美啊。言归正传，写个护照办理攻略吧，权当纪念。港澳通行证的办理流程跟护照是一样的。

需要的东西：

1. 户口本原件及复印件一份：我的户口是挂靠在南京市人才市场的，所以我一大早到南京第一件事就是去人才市场把我的《常住人口登记表》借出来，出示本人身份证，在一张借用表上签字就可以借出来了。因为他们输入系统的时候把我的身份证号码写错了，差点找不到我的常表，小吓了一下。
2. 身份证原件及复印件（新版身份需要复印两面）：也可以只带身份证和户口原件，办证大厅那里有复印的地方可以印的，交点米就行。我要同时办护照和港澳通行证，所以我的证件都复印了两份。
3. 黑色水笔：填表格要用的，办证大厅有的，固定在桌子上

办理护照及港澳通行证的步骤：（两者流程是一模一样的）

1. 在办证大厅的2号窗口拿《因私出国护照申请表格》 和赴港澳申请表
2. 用桌上的黑色水笔填表，桌上的玻璃下面压着有样本，照着填写就可以。填写完以后先拿去取号机旁边的那个警官，让他帮你看下是否合格，表格不能涂改，如果有问题的话要重新填写一张。
3. 照相：办证大厅旁边就有指定的照相处，8张40元（明知被宰也还是要照的），照相时要穿有领子的衣服，不能化浓妆。小猪提前做了功课，穿了件有领子的衣服去，我的衣服却是没领子的，就在他们提供的衣服里面随便拿了一件套上。
4. 贴照片：照完相以后从照相室出来就马上能拿到照片了，一共8张，其中有两张是带条形码的。挑一张有条形码的贴于申请表格上。另外再准备一张没有条形码的交给办证的警官，这张照片以后会贴在你护照上的那张，要是怕掉的话，可以在背面的一角涂点胶水，轻轻的贴在表格偏下方，别贴太紧。
5. 取号：我本来想把这步放在第一步做，进门就去取号的，省得排队排到很后，不过取号机旁边站了两个民警，就是我上面说的帮你检查表格是否填写正确的那个。他会要求看你的表格，全部填写正确以后才会帮你取号。
6. 排队办理:拿到号以后就坐在旁边等着叫号吧，要竖起耳朵听啊，一个号只叫两遍，过了就要重新取号了。叫到你号的时候去相应的柜台， 把填好的表格和资料都交给办证的民警，他们查验过以后会把身份证和户口本的原件还给你，然后给你回执和缴款单。
7. 交费：拿着交款单去旁边写着“银行交费处”的中国银行柜台缴费，护照是200元，港澳通行证100元，香港签注每次20，我申请的是3个月两次的签注，要40元。所以我一共交了340大洋。
8. 办理快递：如果没办法自己来领护照的，可以办理快递，银行缴费处旁边就是邮政快递的办理窗口。小猪办了快递，我想着两周后自己会来南京，就没办。后来发现，虽然回执上写的领证日期是2周以后，而办理快递的话一周左右就可以收到了。早知道我也办快递好了。

好了，全部完结。前后总共花费20分钟左右的时间，还是很快的，赞一下。

相关说明：

• 南京市办理护照的地方是南京市公安局出入境大厅，靠近大洋百货，坐公交或者地铁的话，坐到新街口大洋百货，下车往前走，穿过一个叫做明瓦廊的小巷子就可以看到南京市公安局了。公安局对面就是出入境大厅。
• 出入境大厅的营业时间是：周一至周五8:30 - 11:30AM，2:00 - 4:30PM，我时间不敢巧，中午12点多到那了，就和小猪到明瓦廊吃了传说中的皮肚面。
• 要去香港澳门旅游的话，办理港澳通行证还要加上签注的，香港和澳门的签注都有一次签注和两次签注两种，有效期是3个月或者一年。我每3个月需要去一次香港，所以办得是3个月两次的签注，到期以后再去申请新的签注。第一次办理港澳通行证一定要本人亲自去办理，需要15天左右。以后加签注的话，可以到自助机上办理，5天左右就可以拿到。可以找人代办。
• 护照也是一定要本人亲自去的，不能代办。
• 办完护照以后推荐去旁边的明瓦廊看看，那条巷子全是好吃的东东。

 哈哈，攻略写完了，我的护照和港澳通行证也已经拿到手了，我打算趁热打铁，明天去办理新加坡签证，希望我能拿到顺利拿到两年多次往返新加坡的签证，那样以后就可以常去看跳蚤他妹了。

到哈尔滨看弟弟，这个城市比我想像中要小很多。也破很多。

先去了弟弟学校，他的宿舍整齐得一塌糊涂，桌子，柜子整整齐齐的不说，地上还用儿童拼图拼成了地板，一律脱鞋进入，很难想象这里面住着5个东北大汉外加我弟弟一共6个男生，哈哈，据说是他们宿舍是全校的模范宿舍，被全校大会表扬还挂了横幅。 说实话，比我大学宿舍干净多了。

北方的天气室内外温差大，一冷一热，在北京鼻子就不舒服的我一到哈尔滨，就感冒了，昨晚睡得早，感觉有些发烧，嗓子疼得冒烟。今天早上起来更是浑身无力。嗨，太差劲了，居然跑到这个地方来生病，真是不争气。

躺了大半天，实在无聊，弟弟今天要考试，于是我一个人出去逛。先到了传说中的圣索菲亚大教堂。

由于离松花江畔很近，教堂附近的风很大，有点冷。外面的广场上有很多在散布，拍照还有晒太阳，还有鸽子。一群一群的鸽子，白的，灰的，三三两两的啄着游客喂养的鸽食。好惬意的场景。

买了张票进教堂，游人不多，大半是情侣。里面现在建筑艺术馆，除了四面墙上的老照片，里面没什么特别的东西。我是个进寺庙都只看菩萨不烧香的人，对上帝就更说不上虔诚了。所以也就是走走看看，抬头看圆顶顶头看照片罢了。

出了教堂，就顺带去了咫尺之隔的中央大街，据说只是中国第一条步行街，原名“中国大街”，好有名头的名字，呵呵。其实街道很短，不过南京的狮子桥那么长。不过两旁的店铺全市欧式建筑风格，巴洛克，折衷主义风格的建筑都能见到。整条街道都是花岗岩铺成的，奢侈啊。

 打车回去的时候，遇上一个很多话的司机，拿着对讲机一个劲乱喊，好像是在告诉他的同行有交警在路上抓车，让大家小心点。感觉北方的出租车都配有那个喊话的东西，到北京的那天晚上，从机场打车去中关村，那个司机就用那个东西跟几个别的司机聊了一路。还商量着受了车去洗澡。

现在哈尔滨还没下雪，所以也没什么特别好玩的地方，加上全身无力，我很早就回了宾馆，要琢磨一下晚上去吃啥了，是去哈尔滨唯一一家好点的港式餐厅喝汤，慰问一下我的嗓子，还是去吃东北酱大骨，满足我的胃了，恩，这是个问题。

10月19日晚：飞往北京

10月20日： 北京，点石互动SEO大会，早就报了名，第一次去，据说也许有机会体验到传说中的google午餐。

10月26日-28日：哈尔滨，去看我的宝贝弟弟。听说那里已经很冷了，在考虑要不要带毛衣过去。

11月3日-4日： 北京，第三届中文网志年会。去年去杭州参加了第二届，今年转战北京，是第三届了。

11月5日： 返回上海（预计）

希望我这办公半私的旅游会愉快哦 

Talking about the Mausoleum we should have an idea about Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution. Mr. Sun `s original name is Sun Wen and styled himself Yat-sen. So foreign friends would call him “Dr. Sun Yat-sen ”. Since he took “Woodcutter in Zhoushan ”as his alias when he took part in the revolutionary activities, he was respectfully and widely called Mr. Sun Zhongshan in China. On October 12, 1866, Mr. Sun was born in a farmer` s family in Caiheng village of Xiangshan county (the present-day zhongshang City) ,Guangdong Province. When he was still young, he had great expectations. He studied medicine in Honolulu, Hong Kong and some other places and after graduation he worked as a practitioner in Gangzhou, Macao and other places Later he gave up medicine as his profession to take part in political activities. In 1905, he set up China Alliance Organization in Japan and he was elected president. He put forward the famous guiding principle- “driving the invaders out ,restoring the sovereignty of China, establishing a republic and equalizing the land ownership ” and the Three People` s Principles-“ Nationalism, Democracy and the People` s Livelihood. ” On October 10, 1911, the Wuchang uprising broke out and Dr. Sun as elected Inrterim President of the Republic of China by representatives from seventeen provinces. On the following New Year` s day (January 1, 1912) Mr. Sun took the oath of office in Nanjing. From then on ,Mr. Sun experienced Yuan Shikai` s usurpation, the Second Revolution, “Campaign Protecting the Interim Constitution.” In 1921, Mr. Sun took the position of President in Unusual Times in Guangzhou. At the first National Congress of Kuomintang held in Quangzhou in 1924, he perfected the original Three People` s Principles and put forward Three people` s New Principles. He also proposed the policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers. ” In November 1924, in spite of his illness, Mr. Sun went up to Beijing to discuss state affairs with General Feng Yuxiang.

Unfortunately, he broke down from constant overwork and passed away on March 12, 1925.

The location of the Mausoleum was chosen by Mr. Sun himself. Here is exactly a good place to build a mausoleum. You may wonder: Mr. Sun was born in Guangdong but died in Beijing. For his whole life he traveled throughout China for the revolution. Why did he choose Nanjing as the venue of his tomb?

　　It is said that far before Mr. Sun took office in 1912, the abbot of Lingu Monastery had recommended him that his place is good for fengshui, because it faces the plain and is backed up by green mountains as its protective screen. On March 31,1912 Mr. Un resigned as a political compromise for the sake of the union of the North China and the South China. One day of the early April, he went hunting with Hu Hanmin around the Piety Tomb of Ming Dynasty. They took a rest in the place wehre the Mausoleum is located now. Mr. Sun looked around and said “IF possible I would like my countrymen to allow me to have this place to bury my coffin.” Surely, the fengshui of the Zijing Mountain is not the basic reason for the location of Mr. Sun` s mausoleum . The basic reason is that, he said on dying “After my death, you can bury me at the foot of the Zijin Mountain in Nanjing in memory of the Revolution of 1911, because Nanjing is where the temporary government was founded. ”So although Mr. Sun stayed in Nanjing not a long time, it had a special meaning to him. Fundamentally speaking, the reason he chose Zijing Mountain as his permanent resting-place is to commemorate the revolution of 1911 and to encourage the revolutionaries.

　　In order to respect Mr. Sun` s wish, the Preparatory Committee of Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral, including his wife Song Qingling and his son Sunke, examined the area and chose the site for the Mausoleum. They delimited 2000 mu and offered a reward in newspaper for the best design of the Mausoleum. Among all the contribution, young architect Lu Yanzhi `s design, a design in the shape of a bell ,was highly praised and gained the first prize and he himself was invited to supervise the whole project as well.

　　On March 12,1926, the first anniversary of Mr. Sun` s death, the project got started and 3 years later, it was completed in spring of 1929. It cost 1.5 million silver collars totally.
　　Unfortunately, LuYanzhi, the young architect with great gift, suffered when supervising the project ,and died at 35, just before the completion of the Mausoleum. The completion ceremony was held on June 1, 1929 and Mr. Sun` s remains was transported from Beijing to Nangjing. From then on ,Mr. Sun has slept here for nearly 70 years.

　　The construction of Dr. Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum was an important event in the history of Nanjing. In order to meet Mr. Sun` s coffin, the first asphalt road was built from Zhongshan Port in the west to Zhongshan Gate in the east; it is 12 kilometres in length and also called Zhongshan Road. Up to today, Zhangshan Road is still one of the most important main roads. At the same time, the city gate Chaoyang Gate which was built in Ming Dynasty was renovated and Changed its name to Zhongshan Gate. Between Zhongshang Gate and Dr.Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum, a road called the Mausoleum Road was built. Just as the people of Paris take pride of their les Champs-Elysees and the people of New York ,the Fifth Avenue, the nanjing people are prond of their boulevards. And the 3 kilometers long Mausoleum Road is undoubtedly the best representative of these boulevards. Along both sides of the “green corridor” grows the main kind of tree in Nanjing as parasols Usually Chinese people call them French plane trees, in fact they are Chinese local products. Just because Frenchmen took them from Yunnan Province to France and later they transplanted them in their leased territory in Shanghai, that is why they got such a name.

　　Now ,we are going out of the Zhongshan Gate and driving along the Mausoleum Road. The destination ahead is a square in shape of crescent, According to Lu Yanzhi` s design, the place of the Mausoleum is like a “duo”, a big wooden bell, which was used to announce a policy, decree or a war in ancient time. Duo` s sound is loud and clear, implying to make the whole world peaceful and happy. The design reminds the people of Dr. Sun Yat-sen` s well-known saying “The revolution is far from success and we should continue working hard.” This saying also serves s an alert to the later generation. The crescent-shaped square is the bottom of the “Bell of Freedom”.

　　Now ,please look to the south. There is a octagon platform structured with reinforced concrete but covered with Jinshan stone of Suzhou. The platform is divided into three layers and each layer is enclosed by stone rails. The copper “ding” (an ancient cooking vessel) with two looped handles and two legs weighs 5000 kg. IT is 4.25 meters high and its diameter is 1.23 meters. It is one of the construction for memory of the mausoleum. The “ding ” was built in autumn, 1933 with donation of students and teaching staff of the Zhongshan University and Mr. Dai jitao. One side of the “ding ” is engraved with three characters “Intelligence, Humanity and Brevity”. These three words are the school instruction of Zhongshan University. Inside of the “ding ”stands a hexagon copper tablet on which Dai Jitao` s mother` s handwriting of the “Filial Piety” is engraved. To the bell-shaped mausoleum the “ding ” is just like the pendulum . It seems to serve to alarm the whole nation by striking the bell.

　　Stepping on the steps, we will see a soaring memorial archway with four columns. The archway was built between 1931 and 1933, 12meters hight and 17.3 meters in width. It is made of huge Granite from Fujian Province, but its structure is in Chinese traditional wood structure style. Now, look up at the shining words inscribed on the horizontal board. The word in English mean fraternity. They were written by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. The word are taken from a Tang Dynasty poet Han Yu` s “Fraternity is humanity ” .It is said that Mr. Sun very much liked to write these two words to others. Dr. Sun devoted his whole life to bourgeois democratic revolution with great fraternity and struggled for the national independence and freedom fro scores of years. So we can say that “fraternity” is the best generalization of his life.

　　Further from the Fraternity Archway, there is a road leading to the mausoleum. The road is 480 meters long and dozens of meters wide. The whole design of the mausoleum gives prominence to Chinese traditional style, grand, solemn and specific. In order to embody the greatness of Mr. Sun, the Mausoleum followed the example of ancient mausoleums and was built against mountains and the coffin chamber was placed at the top of the mountain that is 160 meters high. In addition, the plants of the Mausoleum are symmetric, which make it feel more solemn. Now, please look forward to the north, along the hillside ,situate the mausoleum Gate, the Stele Pavilion, the Memorial Hall and the coffin chamber right behind. The pines,cypresses, ginkgoes and maples on the both sides of the road represent Mr. Sun` s revolutionary spirit and lofty quality. They take the place of statues and stone beasts which usually flanked the sacred road in ancient times. Among the trees, cedar is one of the “four kinds of tree for appreciation” and has been honored as the tree of Nanjing City. The grand archway at the end of the Mausoleum Road is the formal beginning of the mausoleum area. IT is 16 meters high, 27 meters wide and 8.8 meters deep. It is made of granite from the Fujian Province, too. Inscribed on the horizontal board of the middle passage is Dr. SunYat-sen` s handwriting. It means that the state doesn` t belong to one family but belongs to the entire nation and the common people. This is the goal for which Mr. Sun struggled for his whole life and it is also the excellent explanation of the Democracy of the Three People` s Principles. We have passed the gate of the Mausoleum, then in front of us is the Stele Pavilion. The 9-meter high stele in the middle of the pavilion was engraved with 24 gold-plating characters of Yan Zhenqing style, “Chinese KMT buried Premier Sun here on June 1, 18th year of the Republic of China”. These words were written by one of the founder members of KMT, Tan Yankai. When talking about setting up a stele, Wang Jing wei and Hu Hanmin were arranged to write an inscription for Mr. Sun, but two years passed, yet nothing they could write. Because they thought that Mr. Sun` s merits couldn` t be generated by word, then they chose to use the present from to praise Dr. Sun without engraving an inscription.

　　Going out of the pavilion, we` ll see numerous layers of steps. The people of Nanjing often say that the steps in the Mausoleum ware as number as the stone lions on Lugou Bridge (known for Westerners as Marco Polo Bridge). So when coming here tourists usually ask, “how many steps on earth are there in the Mausoleum?” My friends, if you are interested you can count them.

　　Now we are coming near the top platform. Look ,there are two big copper “ding”. They were contributed by Shanghai municipal government of that time. Now, please look carefully. There are two holes in the bottom of the left “ding”. Why? Just let me tell you .In late 1937, when the Japanese army attacked Nanjing, their shooting left two holes in the left ding. Now, although the circumstances have changed, the two holes always remind Chinese people not to forget the national humiliation. Not far away, there are two bronze dings in ancient style. They are presented by Mr. Sun` s son Sun Ke and his family.

　　Ascending the steps, now we have reached the top of the platform. Here we can have a bird-view of what it is in the distance. The Memorial Hall is the half way up to the mountain and there are altogether 392 steps covered if you count from the archway of Fraternity. The vertical distance is 70 meters but the plane distance is 700 meters. If you count the steps from the Stele Pavilion, the number of steps is 290. In order to avoid monotone ,the architect divided the 392 steps into 10 parts and every part has a platform and there are totally 10 such platforms. More marvelous, if you look up from the bottom, you can see that the steps extend to the top without stop and you cant see any platform. But if you look down from the top, you only see the platforms. The number of the steps, 392, is not a random number, it implied the number of Chinese population at that time-392 million.

　　Now we are in front of the Memorial Hall and the coffin Chamber. They are the major parts of the Mausoleum. The construction of these two building was supervised then by Lu Yanzhi, the gift young designer. If is when he was doing these two building he died of cancer. So when the later generation mention him they would often say, “It is a great pity he died before his complete success.” The structure of the Sacrificed Hall is of a ancient wooden palace style. It is 30 meters long, 25 meters wide and 29 meter high, surrounded by smaller constructions of fortress style and two 12.6-meter-high cloud columns. Its roof, with double-eaves and nine ridges, is covered with blue glare tiles. The outside of wall is covered with granite from Hongkong. The inscription on the horizontal board is engraved with seal characters cut in relief- “Naturalism” “Democracy” and “The people` s livelihood” . These are the most basic and general guiding principles of Mr. Sun` s revolutionary activities. Above “Democracy” , there is a horizontal inscription board with Sun` s handwriting on it, “Fill the World with Justice”.

　　Please follow me into the Memorial Hall. The floor is covered with white and black marble from Yunnan Province. The colors of white and black are among the traditional color for burial ceremonies in China. There are 12 black stone columns, with 0.8 meter as the diameter for each. You will see that the interiors of the walls around are inset with black marble. Now you can have a look at Mr. Sun Yat-seen` s handwriting of “Programme for Founding a State”, engraved on the east and west walls. The main colors of the Hall are black, white and blue, which are used to express filial piety in China. The inside windows are inlaid with smaltos. They present western flavors especially with floods of sunshine. The style of the whole structure is a blend of the East and the West, representing the well blended doctrine of Dr. Sun Yat-sen.

　　In the middle is the sitting statue of Dr. Sun Yat-sen in a robe. It is 4.6 meters high and the bottom is 2.1 meters wide. It was sculpted by the famous French sculptor Paul Arinsky whose native country is Poland . He was entrusted by the committee of Dr. Sun Yat-sen` s Funeral for sculpting it. He chose the Italian marble as the material for the statue . In 1930, the sculpture was sent to the Mausoleum from Paris. Its total cost was 1.5 million francs. The sic relief below are pictures depicting Mr. Sun` s life and revolutionary activities.

　　Passing through the Hall, we have come to the Coffin Chamber. There are two doors that you need to get through. The outer door consists of two American-made safety door leafs which are made of copper. The nails on them and the mysterious beasts on the copper loops are typical of traditional Chinese. The horizontal inscription board was engraved with “The noble spirit will never perish ” which was Sun` s handwriting for the 72 martyrs` tomb in Huanghua Mound of Guanzhou .The secound door is a single copper leaf engrave with seven characters “Mr. Sun Yat-sen` s tomb” which were written by Zhang Jing jiang.

　　The tomb is a half globe in shape. The design of KMT emblem is mosaicked in the vaulted dome. The floor of the round room is covered with marble. The room` s diameter is 18 meters and the height is 11 meters .The walls are covered with pink marbles. The circular marble pit is 1.7 meters deep and 4.35 meters in diameter. It is enclose with 1-meter-high white marble rails. In the pit lays Dr. Sun Yat-sen lying statue in Zhongshan Suit. This is sculpted in accordance to Mr. Sun` s remains by a Czechoslovakian sculptor. His copper coffin is lying about 5 meters below the sculpture. You may ask why on earth the clothes Dr. Wears for the sitting statue are totally different from those for the lying one? In those years, the leftists and the rightists inside of the KMT had severe conflicts. The rightists, headed by Chang Kai-shek wanted to restore the ancient ways and opposed revolution. They insisted that Mr. Sun should wear long robe, while the leftists insisted he wear Zhongshan Suit. Since they had different opinions thus the two statues have different clothes styles.

　　My friends, I `m afraid you must be concern about whether Mr. Sun remains are in the tomb or not. In fact, his remains had a unusual experience. After his death, his remain were dealt with antiseptic and placed in Biyun Monastery in Beijing in March, 1925. When the warlord Zhang Zong chang was defeated by the North Expeditionary Army and withdrew to Beijing in 1926, he ascribed his failure to Mr. Sun` s remains and decided to burn them .It is the patriotic general Zhang Xuelian who sent troops to protect the remains. Unfortunately they were once exposed to the air though they were safe again. On May 28, 1929, Mr. Sun` s coffin was sent to Pukou from Beijing by Jinpu Railway, and on June 1 it reached the Mausoleum. After the Grand Ceremony of Feng` an, the coffin and the remains were put into the pit and used cement to concrete it .The bottom of the tomb is granite. Under the copper coffin, there is a specially made wooden pad and enclosing the coffin is a well-sealed crystal box. After the breakout of the Resistance War against Japan, KMT government planed to transport the remains to Chongqing and at the end of the liberation war, Chang Kai-shek planed to transport it to Taiwan this time. Because it was not a easy job to take the coffin out and the work might do damage to the remains as well, this plan was fiercely attacked by the engineering field and the left wing of the KMT. At last Chang gave up the plan. So the remains have stayed here safely up to today.

　　Passing through the door in the back wall of the square outside you will arrive at the Mausoleum Park. The back wall of the park is a “Exhibition of Construction of Dr. Sun Yat-sen` s Mausoleum ”.The Exhibition contains nearly 200 precious historic materials which show the construction of the Mausoleum and the process of the transportation of Mr. Sun` s remains.

　　Beside the main structure, there are also some constructions around the Mausoleum built in memory of Mr. Sun. Most of the constructions are built after 1929 with the donation of those from both all trades in China and overseas Chinese. The Fraternity Pavilion on top of the Plum Hill is built with the donation of a Taiwanese compatriot. IT was completed on November 12,1993, the 127th anniversary of Mr. Sun` s birthday.

　　Ladies and gentlemen. Mr. Sun struggled for a better China for his whole life and overthrew monarch feudalist system which lasted for more than 2000 years. He carried out the three principal policies of “Making an alliance with Russia and the Communist Party of China and helping the farmers and workers” in his later days. The great feat Mr. Sun has achieved has gained great respect and praise from people from both home and abroad. After liberation, both central and local governments have exerted great efforts in preserving this excellent heritage.

　　Now, as one of the “Top Forty Tourist Resorts in China” Dr. Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum receives numerous Chinese and international friends every years. People come here to pay homage to Mr. Sun. Today, the unification has become the main tendency in terms of the relations between the Chinese on both sides of the Straits . I believe that most Chinese people, from both home and abroad, are expecting from the bottom of heart the coming of the day when our country is united and getting more prosperous. At that time, when hearing this. Dr. Sun would smile and be satisfied for sure in the other world. OK, thank you very much for your cooperation. Good bye and good luck!

在南京混迹五年，一直以为自己对南京的历史，文化还有景点都算了解。中山陵也去过不下10次了，直到这次带几个上海过来的朋友去中山陵，才知道其实自己知道的真的不多。再加上需要用英文向朋友解释，我这个导游就更差劲了，搞得最后一个朋友开玩笑说“you should pay me back for your pool service”，OMG，没脸见人了，赶紧补课吧。

1．南京中山陵是伟大的革命先行者孙中山先生的陵墓（在出租车上被jeff问到这个问题，犹如当头一棒，看来孙中山先生的品牌建设工作还需加强啊）

2．中山陵的门票价格已涨至80元（贵吧？！）不过持此票还可以游览附近的灵谷寺，音乐台等景点。

3．中山陵自1926年春动工，至1929年夏建成。面积共8万余平方米。主要建筑有：牌坊、墓道、陵门、碑亭、祭堂和墓室等。

4．从博爱坊直到祭堂前共有十组392级台阶，每组都有一个平台，向上看不见平台，向下看却不见台阶，其中“392”还暗喻当时的三亿九千二百万中国同胞（392,000,000）。

5．从空中往下看，中山陵像一座平卧在绿绒毯上的“自由钟”。山下中山先生铜像是钟的尖顶，半月形广场是钟顶圆弧，而陵墓顶端墓室的穹隆顶，就像一颗溜圆的钟摆锤。

6．孙中山先生生前酷爱种树，曾亲手栽中山陵现址附近种下很多树木，孙先生逝世于3月12日，为了纪念孙先生，3月12日被设为植树节。（早知道的话以前植树节老师让去种树我会更心甘情愿一点）。南京解放后，刘伯承任市长时，特地从湖南运来2万株杉树和梧桐树，种植在这里。

7．孙中山先生的遗体确实就葬在墓室地下5米深处。关于此，一直以来有两个说法，另一说是蒋介石将其移到了台湾。其实，孙先生逝世后，他的遗体历经了磨难。本来，孙中山逝世前，曾经吩咐葬礼仪式和棺木式样仿照列宁的格式，让民众瞻仰遗容。可当孙先生逝世时，苏联赠送的玻璃钢棺材没能及时运到，只好暂时安放在酉式玻璃盖棺木棺内，停放在北京香山碧云寺石塔之中。当1925年3月30日苏联政府送来玻璃钢棺材时，孙中山的遗体已久殓半个多月了，由于防腐措施不当，遗容不能再供后人瞻仰，只好改为土葬。1929年6月1日，遗体从北京迁往南京，当时就在这卧像下5米左右处安放了从美国定购的紫铜棺。解放战争后期，蒋介石曾想将遗体迁往台湾，但由于爆破墓穴势必会损坏遗体，因而作罢，终于使遗体得以安然保存在中山陵内。

8．祭堂内正中是孙中山先生的坐像，坐像的底座四周有六幅浮雕，内容分别是“如抱赤子”、“出国宣传”、“商讨革命”、“国会授印”、“振聋发聩”、“讨袁护国”。

9．祭堂内的墙壁上刻有孙先生手书的《建国大纲》全文

10．祭堂内有一个孙先生的雕像，墓室里也有一个，知道有什么区别吗？祭堂的那个是坐着的，墓室那个是躺着的（废话，这是人都知道），最重要的一点，祭堂内的那个穿的长袍马褂，墓室里面穿的是中山装。这是由于当时国民党内两派意见不合，结果就各搞各的了（汗~~）

11．沿台阶往上走，有一个平台上放有两个大鼎，左边的那个鼎有两个大洞，那是日军侵略南京时，被炸弹爆炸的弹片击中所造成的。

12．孙先生本名孙文，字逸仙。外国友人都称他为逸仙博士，因他在日本从事革命活动时曾用过“中山樵”的化名，所以在国内被尊称为孙中山先生。

13．当时为了迎接孙中山先生的灵柩，特意建造了一条有中山码头至中山门的柏油路。这条路线现在还是南京的交通要道（中山北路+中山路+？？）

14．中山门到陵墓的那条路成为陵园路，两旁种满法国梧桐，所谓的法国梧桐其实是中国的土产梧桐，只不过由于当时外国人从云南运来梧桐种在法租界，就成了法国梧桐（岂有此理！），顺便告诉大家，南京的市树是雪松。